כֶּ֫סֶף₄₀₂ noun masculine^{Genesis 23:9} silver, money (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician, Zinjirli כסף; Aramaic כַּסְמָּא ; Palmyrene כספא Vog^{No. 23}; Assyrian kaspu; probably the pale metal Thes and others, compare RS^{JPh xiv,125}) — ׳כ absolute Genesis 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף Exodus 21:11 +; construct Ex 43:21 +; suffix כַּסְמִּי Genesis 42:28 3t., כַּסְמְּךָ 1 Kings 20:3 2t., כַּסְמֶּ֑ךָ Genesis 17:13; Isaiah 30:22, כַּסְמֵּךְ Isaiah 1:22, כַּסְמֵּנוּ Genesis 31:15 2t., כַּסְמָּם Hosea 8:4 6t.; plural suffix כַּסְמֵּיהֶם Genesis 42:25,35; — silver,

1 = silver ore, raw silver (rare and mostly late) Job 28:1, also (in figurative) Ezekiel 22:20,22; Zechariah 13:9; Proverbs 2:4; Proverbs 17:3; Proverbs 27:21; Malachi 3:3 (twice in verse); Psalm 12:7; Psalm 66:10; Isaiah 48:10; ׳הָגוֺ סִיגים מִכּ Proverbs 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare סִיגִים ׳כ Proverbs 26:23 and ׳מִגִים כ Ezekiel 22:18 (ᵑ0; ᵐ5 ׳ס ׳כ; Co strike out in view of Ezekiel 22:20); נִמְאָס ׳כ Jeremiah 6:30 (compare Jeremiah 6:29), כַּסְמֵּךְ הָיָה לְסִיגִים Isaiah 1:22.

2 sliver as bright, shining, figurative of dove's wings כַּנְפֵי יוֺנָה נֶחְמָּה בַכֶּ֑סֶף Psalm 68:14.

3 silver, as wealth, Genesis 13:2 (J) + often (c. 54 t. in all; frequently with gold, etc., see זהב); מְלֹא וזהב ׳בֵיתוֺ כ Numbers 22:18; Numbers 24:13; figurative of a slave as valuable, כַּסְמּוֺ הוּא Exodus 21:21 (all J E); silver as less valuable than gold 1 Kings 10:21 2Chronicles 9:20; compare also 1 Kings 10:27 2Chronicles 1:15; 9:27; נִבְחָר ׳כ choice silver, Proverbs 18:19; Proverbs 10:20.

4 silver as spoil of war (with זהב, q. v.) Judges 5:19; 2 Samuel 8:11 = 1 Chronicles 18:11 11t.

5 sliver as merchandise Ezekiel 27:12; Proverbs 3:14 (׳סְחַרכֿ), Zephaniah 1:12; compare also 1 Kings 10:22 2Chronicles 9:21.

6 silver as costly gift (with זהב, q. v.) 1 Kings 15:18,19 2Chronicles 16:2,3; 2 Kings 16:8; 2 Kings 18:15; 2Chronicles 9:14; 17:11; 21:3; Isaiah 60:9; Daniel 11:38 (other instances under 8).

7 silver as material (c. 117 t. in all; often with זהב, q. v.), of cup Genesis 44:2 compare Genesis 44:8 (J), trumpets Numbers 10:2 (P), ׳כְּלֵיכֿ Genesis 24:53 (J) +; of idols Exodus 20:23; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 29:16; Ezekiel 16:17; Psalm 115:4; Psalm 135:15 4t., compare Deuteronomy 7:25; Jeremiah 10:4; Habakkuk 2:19; especially of fittings of tabernacle Exodus 26.. 27. 36. 38. (19 t.), and those offered by chiefs of people Numbers 7 (28 t.), etc.

8 silver as measure of weight and value (c. 184 t.): —

a. shekels: — שְׁלשִׁים שְׁקָלִים ׳כ Exodus 21:32 (JE), compare 2 Samuel 24:24; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 18:16 (both P), Nehemiah 5:15; also (different order) ׳חֲמִשָּׁה שׁקלים כ Leviticus 27:6 (twice in verse) (P), compare Joshua 7:21 (JE), 2 Kings 15:20, and ׳אַרְבַּע מֵאֹת שֶׁקֶל י Genesis 23:15,16, compare Leviticus 27:3,16 (all P), 1 Samuel 9:8; once ׳שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכּ Jeremiah 32:9.

b. more often omitted שׁקל Genesis 20:16; Genesis 45:22 (E), Genesis 37:28 (J), Hosea 3:2; Songs 8:11 17t.

c. talents: — ׳כִּכַּר (הַ)כּ Exodus 38:27 (P), compare 1 Kings 20:39; 2 Kings 5:22; 2 Kings 15:19; 2 Kings 18:14; 2 Kings 23:33 2Chronicles 36:3; 1 Chronicles 19:6; 2Chronicles 25:6; 27:5; Esther 3:9; ׳עֶשֶׂר כִּכְּרֵיכֿ 2 Kings 5:5; ׳כִּכְּרַיִם כ 1 Kings 16:24; 2 Kings 5:23; אלף אלפים ככרים ׳כ 1 Chronicles 22:14; compare 1 Chronicles 29:7; Ezra 8:26.

d. minas: — מָנִים חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים ׳כ Ezra 2:69 compare Nehemiah 7:70,71.

e. more often = money, measure of value and exchange (c. 112 t.; not necess. coined) Genesis 31:15; Genesis 42:25,27 (E), Genesis 43:12 (twice in verse); Genesis 43:15,18 (J), Genesis 23:13; Leviticus 27:18; Numbers 3:48 (P), Judges 16:18; 1 Kings 21:2; 2 Kings 12:5 etc.; so Psalm 68:31 Che, but see De Grill Bae, and Che^{critical note}.; ׳מִקְנַת כ one bought for money Genesis 17:12,13,23,27; Exodus 12:44 (all P); מִקְנָתוֺ ׳כ Leviticus 25:51 (H) money for which he was bought; מָלֵא ׳כ full price Genesis 23:9 (P) 1 Chronicles 21:22,24; כַּסְמֵּנוּ בְּמִשְׁקָלוֺ Genesis 43:21 i.e. our money in full; מִמְכָרוֺ ׳כ Leviticus 25:50 the price of his sale; אָשָׁם ׳כ 2 Kings 12:7 trespass-money, חַטָּאוֺת ׳כ v.2 Kings 12:7 sin-money, הַכִּמֻּרִים ׳כ Exodus 30:16 atonement-money, הַמִּדְיוֺן ׳כ Numbers 3:49 redemption-money (both P); עֶרְכְּךָ ׳כ Leviticus 27:15,19 i.e. estimated value, etc.

9 among verbs and phrase with ׳כ are: — צרף try, refine, Zechariah 13:9; Isaiah 48:10; Malachi 3:3 a Psalm 12:7; Psalm 66:10; זִקַּק Malachi 3:3 b, (compare הִתּוּךְ Ezekiel 22:22, v נתך, see Ezekiel 22:20; Ezekiel 22:21); ימּה beautify ׳בכ Jeremiah 10:4; ׳תָּפוּשׂ כ Habakkuk 2:19 encased with gold and silver; לְ ׳שָׁקַל אתהַֿכּ weigh out the silver to or for a person Jeremiah 32:9; Genesis 23:16 (P) Ezra 8:25, without לְ Jeremiah 32:10, compare Exodus 22:16 (E), 1 Kings 20:39; ׳ב ׳שׁקל כ Isaiah 55:2 = spend money for; מְחִירָהּ ׳לֹא יִשָּׁקֵל כ Job 28:15; ׳וַיִּשְׁקְלוּ אֶתשְֿׂכָרִי שׁלשׁים כ Zechariah 11:12; בַּקָּנֶה ישׁקלו ׳כ Isaiah 46:6, of wighing material for idol; ׳מָכַר בכ sell for money Amos 2:6; Genesis 37:28 (J), Deuteronomy 21:14; ׳נָתַן בכ Deuteronomy 2:28b 1 Kings 21:6,15; Genesis 23:9 (P), 1 Chronicles 21:22; also, of food, ׳הִשְׁבִּיר ב Deuteronomy 2:28 a; השׂדה ׳נתן כ Genesis 23:13 (P) pay the price of the field; ׳קָנָה בְכ buy something for money Amos 8:6; Jeremiah 32:25,44; Isaiah 43:24; 1 Chronicles 21:24, compare ׳קָנָה נֶפֶשׁ קִנְיַן כ Leviticus 22:11 (H); ׳שׁבר בכ Deuteronomy 2:6 a Isaiah 55:1; ׳כרה בכ Deuteronomy 2:6b; peculiar is its use with מָּדָה, redeem (q. v.) in Numbers 18:16; ׳לקח כ receive money 2 Kings 5:26; 2 Kings 12:8; 2 Kings 12:9; ׳לָוָה כ Nehemiah 5:4 borrow money; הִלְוָה Exodus 22:24 (JE) lend money to (c. 2 accusative); בְּנֶשֶׁךְ ׳נתן כ give money on usury Leviticus 25:37 (H), Psalm 15:5; compare לֹא תַשִּׁיךְ ׳לְאָחִיךָ נֶשֶׁךְ כ Deuteronomy 23:20.