Brown-Driver-Briggs
[
שָׁבַע]
186 verb swear (probably, so to say,
seven oneself, or
bind oneself by seven things, compare Thes (as alternative), Gerb
108ff; Late Hebrew Niph`al= Biblical Hebrew;
ᵑ7 שְׁבַע Ithpe`el, Aph`el; see also Dr
Genesis 21:28 Kö
Hast. DB NUMBER, 565 RS
Semitic i. 166, 2nd ed., 182 We
Reste Arabic Heid. 2, 186); —
Qal (according to Thes Rob Ges) Passive participle שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֺת Ezekiel 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co omitted; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm ׳שָׁ ׳שׁ weeks on weeks (plenty of time).
Niph`al Perfect, 3 masculine singularנִשְׁבַּע Genesis 24:7, + etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיִשָּׁבַע Leviticus 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Genesis 24:9 +; 2 masculine singular תִּשֶּׁבֵ֑עַ Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20; 1singular אִשָּׁב֑עַ Genesis 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע 1 Kings 2:8; Ezekiel 16:8, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַשָּֽׁבְעָה Genesis 21:23 +, etc.; Infinitive abs הִשָּׁבֵע Numbers 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 7:9; construct הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 12:16 (twice in verse) + 1 Samuel 20:17 see infra; Participle נִשְׁבָּע Zechariah 5:3 +, etc.; — swear, take an oath:
1 subj man : a. in asseveration, absolute Genesis 21:24,31 (E), Judges 21:1,18; 2 Samuel 21:2 +; also followed byוַיּאֹמֶר 1 Samuel 20:3; 1 Kings 1:29, followed by לֵאמֹר 2 Samuel 3:35; Joshua 14:9 (D); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Numbers 30:3 (P; "" נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 7:9; Leviticus 5:24 (P; + עַל of thing), Malachi 3:5 + ׳עלשֿׁ Leviticus 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה Psalm 24:4; followed by infinitive Leviticus 5:4 (P), Psalm 15:4; Psalm 119:106; + ל person take an oath to, Joshua 6:22 (JE), Joshua 9:20 (P; accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Genesis 24:9 (+ עַלהַֿדָּבָר הַזֶּה +, so also 1 Samuel 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶלֿ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶתֿ, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Th We Dr and others); oath allegiance (׳לי ) Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 45:23; Zephaniah 1:5; 2Chronicles 5:14, compare(absolute) 2 Chronicles 5:15 (Joshua 23:7 see
Hiph`il); also sq וַיּאֹמֶר 2 Kings 25:24, followed by לֵאמֹר 2 Samuel 21:17; 1 Kings 1:13; Jeremiah 40:9; followed byמֶּן = that not Judges 15:12, followed by אִם = id. 1 Kings 1:51; + אֶל person followed by לֵאמֹר Jeremiah 38:16; + ׳בי by ׳י, followed by infinitive Judges 21:7; + ׳בְּשֵׁם י 1 Samuel 20:42; Isaiah 48:1, compare Genesis 31:53 (E), Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20; Jeremiah 12:16 (+ ׳חַייֿ), Isaiah 65:16; Zechariah 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קֶר), Leviticus 19:12 (id.), Psalm 63:12; Daniel 12:7; ׳בי followed by אִם 2 Samuel 19:8; + ל person with ׳בי Joshua 9:18,19 (P; pledge faith), followed byלֵאמֹר 1 Samuel 28:10; 1 Kings 11:30; 1 Kings 2:8,23, followed by כִּי of object clause Joshua 2:12 (JE), 1 Kings 1:17; + ל person with ׳בא, followed by אִם Genesis 21:23 (E), 1 Samuel 30:15; as verb of quotation + object ׳חַייֿ Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; 1 Samuel 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in oratio recta [direct speech] Psalm 132:2 ("" נָדַר); also כְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Jeremiah 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל Jeremiah 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zephaniah 1:3, compare Amos 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר).
b. imprecate, curse, בִּי by me Psalms; Psalm 102:9 (compare שְׁבוּעָה 1.b קְלָלָה).
2 subject ׳י: swear, with בִּי by myself Genesis 22:16 (JE), Jeremiah 22:5 (clause כִּי), Jeremiah 49:13 (id.), Isaiah 45:23 (id.), with בְּקָדְשׁוֺ Amos 4:2 (id.), compare Psalm 89:36 ("" אִם אֲכַזֵּב), compare also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:17; Jeremiah 44:26; Jeremiah 51:14; Isaiah 62:8; swear, followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 1:35; Deuteronomy 4:21; Joshua 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; Joshua 21:43 Gi), followed by מִן infinitive= not to Isaiah 54:9 (twice in verse) followed by אִם Psalm 90:10, followed by לֵאמֹר Deuteronomy 1:34; Isaiah 14:24; Numbers 32:10(P); followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Psalm 110:4; with ל person take an oath to, Genesis 24:7(J), Exodus 13:11 (J), Deuteronomy 2:14 7t. Deuteronomy (accusative of congnate meaning with verbDeuteronomy 7:8; verbDeuteronomy 9:5), Ezekiel 16:8 ("" בּוֺא בִבְרִית, Psalm 89:4 ("" כָּרַת בְּרִית), Psalm 89:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל person + infinitive (usually to give land Exodus 13:5 (J), Deuteronomy 1:8 9t. Deuteronomy; Joshua 1:6; Joshua 5:6 (twice in verse) (all RD), Jeremiah 11:5 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Jeremiah 32:22; ל person + accusative of thing (usually land) = promise by oath to Genesis 50:24; Exodus 33:1; Numbers 11:12 (all J), Numbers 14:16,23 (JE), Numbers 32:11 (P), Judges 2:1; Micah 7:20; Deuteronomy 6:18+ 8 t. Deuteronomy (object covenant Deuteronomy 4:31; Deuteronomy 8:18); ל person omitted Deuteronomy 31:21.
Hiph`il Perf.3masculine singular הִשְׁבִּיעַ Exodus 13:19 +, 1 singular הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Songs 2:7 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיַּשְׁבַּע Genesis 50:25 +, suffix וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Genesis 24:37, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁבֵּעַ Exodus 13:19; 1 Samuel 14:28; construct הַשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Samuel 14:27 (1 Samuel 20:17 see
Niph`al); Participle suffix מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ 1 Kings 22:16; 2Chronicles 18:15; —
1 cause to take an oath, subject always man: with accusative of person Genesis 50:6 (J), + 1 Samuel 14:27; 1 Kings 18:10; 2 Kings 11:4, + accusative of cognate meaning Joshua 2:17,20 (J), לֵאמֹר Genesis 24:37; Genesis 50:5 (both J), Genesis 50:25 (E), Joshua 6:26 (J; accusative of person omitted), so (Infinitive absolute + Perfect) Exodus 13:19 (JE), 1 Samuel 14:28, + וְאָמַר Numbers 5:19 and (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Numbers 5:21 (both P), + infinitive clause Nehemiah 5:12; Ezra 10:5; + ׳בי by ׳י Genesis 24:3 (J; clause אֲשֶׁר), 1 Kings 2:42 ("" וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר, compare Joshua 23:7 (RD; but read perhaps
Niph`al תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr and others; ᵐ5 strike out), Nehemiah 13:25 (clause אִם, oratio recta), 2 Chronicles 36:13.
2 adjure, with accusative of person 1 Kings 22:16; 2Chronicles 18:15 (both + clause אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Canticles: Songs 5:9, with clause מַהֿ interrogative Songs 5:8, with clause אִם that not Songs 2:7; Songs 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = clause מַהֿ Songs 8:4 (see מָה
2a (b)). — 1 Samuel 20:17 see
Niph`al
