H5800. azab

I. עָזַב‎₂₁₃ verb leave, forsake, loose (Late Hebrew id. (rare); Arabic be remote, absent, depart, Assyrian ezêbu, leave, Shaph`el ušezib, rescue, compare Biblical Aramaic שֵׁיזֵב‎; — Ethiopic widowed Di⁹⁷³); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳ע‎ Genesis 24:27 +, suffix עֲזָבַנִי‎ Isaiah 49:14; Psalm 38:11; 3feminine singular עָזָ֑בָה‎ Ezekiel 23:8; 1singular suffix עֲזַבְתִּיךְ‎ Isaiah 54:7; 2feminine plural עֲזַבְתֶּן‎ Exodus 2:20, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַעֲזֹב‎ Isaiah 55:7 +, יַעֲזָבֿ‎ Genesis 2:24, suffix 1singular וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי‎ 1 Samuel 30:13, etc.; Imperative עֲזֹב‎ Psalm 37:8, עָזְבָה‎ Jeremiah 49:11, עִזְבוּ‎ 48:28; Proverbs 9:6, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָזוֺב‎ Jeremiah 14:5, עָזֹב‎ Exodus 23:5; construct עֲזֹב‎ Genesis 44:22 +, suffix עָזְבֵךְ‎ Jeremiah 2:17 +, etc.; Participle active עֹזֵב‎ Proverbs 10:17 +, construct עֹזְבִי‎ (Ges^{§ 90l}); feminine construct עֹזֶבֶת‎ 2:17 etc.; passive עָזוּב‎ Deuteronomy 32:26 +, etc.; —

1 leave, with accusative (on order of meanings compare Nö^{ZMG. xl (1886). 726}):

a. = depart from, accusative of person Genesis 44:22 (twice in verse) (J), 2 Kings 2:2, 4, 6; 4:30; Numbers 10:31 (P), Ruth 1:16; Jeremiah 9:1 ("" מֵאֵת הָלַךְ‎); accusative of location 1 Kings 8:6; Jeremiah 25:28 (׳י‎ as lion leaving lair); with מִן‎ local intransitive (strangely) 18:14 (of snow).

b. leave behind, accusative of person Exodus 2:20 (J), 2 Samuel 15:16 (+ infinitive), Ezekiel 24:21; accusative of thing + בְּיַד‎ Genesis 39:12-13, + אֶצְלִי‎ 39:15; 39:18 (all J); + ב‎ location 50:8 (J); accusative of person and thing Exodus 9:21 (J).

c. leave in the presence of (לִפְנֵי‎) 1 Chronicles 16:37 (ל‎ of accusative, compare ל‎ 3b above), 2 Chronicles 28:14.

d. leave in safety, כְּבוֺדְכֶם חַעַזְבוּ וְאָ֫נָה‎ Isaiah 10:3.

e. leave in a given condition, situation, ׳ע בְמַחֲלֻיִים אֹתוֺ‎2 Chronicles 24:25 they left him in great suffering; with adverb accusative Ezekiel 23:29; a city מְּתוּחָה‎ Joshua 8:17.

f. leave undisturbed, let alone Ruth 2:16.

g. leave unexercised, Genesis 24:27 pregnantly he hath not left his kindness and his faithfulness from (being) with (מֵעִם‎) my master; so ׳ע אֶתֿ חַסְדּוֺ‎ Ruth 2:20 (both of ׳י‎); ׳ע חֵמָה‎ Psalm 37:8 ("" מֵאַף הֶרֶף‎).

h. leave in the hand of, entrust to, accusative of thing + בְּיַד‎ Genesis 39:6 (J), + אֶלֿ‎ Job 39:11 ("" בְּ בָּטַח‎), + עַלֿ‎ Psalm 10:14 (accusative omitted, his cause). — So also possibly (with לְ‎) Nehemiah 3:34 (reading לֵאלֹהִים‎ for לָהֶם ᵑ0‎), but text probably otherwise corrupt.

i. leave to (ל‎) one (unaided), לוֺ מֵעֲזֹב וְחָדַלְתָּ֫‎ Exodus 23:5 a (E) thou shalt refrain from leaving it (that is, the affair) to him; compare בֵּיצֶיהָ לָאָרֶץ תַּעֲזֹב‎ Job 39:14 (of ostrich).

j. leave over, remaining, accusative of person Joshua 2:21 (JE); accusative of thing + לְ‎ person Leviticus 19:10; 23:22 (H), Malachi 3:19.

k. leave = have nothing to do with Proverbs 9:6.

2 leave, abandon, forsake:

a. abandon, accusative of thing: (1) land, house, city, tent, etc., 1 Samuel 31:7 = 1 Chronicles 10:7; 2 Kings 7:7; Jeremiah 9:18; 48:28; 51:9; 2 Chronicles 11:14; Isaiah 17:9 (+ מִמְּנֵי‎ of enemy); passive participle of cities 17:2; Jeremiah 4:29; Zephaniah 2:4, compare עֲזוּבָה‎ Isaiah 17:9 participle = substantive = deserted region. (2) oxen 1 Kings 19:20, idol-images (+ שָׁם‎) 2 Samuel 5:21 = 1 Chronicles 14:12, flock Zechariah 11:17; passive participle of eggs Isaiah 10:14.

b. forsake, (1) human subject and object: Genesis 2:24 (J; a man his parents), 1 Samuel 30:13; Joshua 22:3 (D), Jeremiah 49:11; Psalm 27:10 (parent a child), Proverbs 2:17 (wife her husband, אַלוּף‎), compare אִשָּׁה עֲזוּבָה‎ Isaiah 54:6, and ׳ע‎ of personified Zion 60:15; 62:4. (2) an animal its young Jeremiah 14:5 (object om).

c. = neglect, Levite Deuteronomy 12:19; 14:27, poor Job 20:19.

d. especially (1) figurative of forsaking God (׳י‎), apostatizing, Judges 10:10; Deuteronomy 28:20; 31:16; Jeremiah 1:16 38t. (often Jeremiah and later); + Jonah 2:9 (object חַסְדָּם‎, i.e. God, see חֶסֶד‎

II); with ל‎ + infinitive only ׳אֶתיֿ לִשְׁמֹר עָֽזְבוּ‎ Hosea 4:10 (Oort We Now doubt לִשְׁמֹר‎). (2) object ׳י‎s law, commands, covenant, etc., Deuteronomy 29:24; 1 Kings 19:10, 14 14t.; house of ׳י‎2 Chronicles 24:18; Nehemiah 10:40. (3) forsake, fail to follow, obey advice, instruction, wisdom, reproof: 1 Kings 12:8, 13 2 Chronicles 10:8, 13; Proverbs 2:13; 4:2, 6; 10:17; 15:10; 27:10. (4) but also of forsaking idols Ezekiel 20:8, sins of various kinds 23:8; Isaiah 55:7; Proverbs 28:13 (object omitted; + מוֺדֶה‎ confess); הַמַּשָּׁא‎ usury Nehemiah 5:10.

e. of God's forsaking, abandoning men: Deuteronomy 31:17; Isaiah 42:16; 49:14; 54:7; 2 Chronicles 12:5; Ezra 9:9; Psalm 9:11; 22:2 8t. Psalms; + בְּיַד‎ Nehemiah 9:28; Psalm 37:33; 16:10 thou wilt not abandon my soul לִשְׁאוֺל‎; of temporary abandonment 2 Chronicles 32:31 (+ infinitive of purpose); etc. (34 t. in all); + Jeremiah 12:7 (׳י‎ abandoning his house).

f. of God's leaving, i.e. ceasing to regard, the earth, thus giving impunity to crime, Ezekiel 8:12; 9:9.

g. of strength (כֹּחַ‎) forsaking one Psalm 38:11, courage (לֵב‎) 40:13, kindness and faithfulness (וֶאֱמֶת חֶסֶד‎) Proverbs 3:3.

3 let loose, set free, let go תַּעֲזֹב עָזֹב עִמּוֺ‎ Exodus 23:5b (E) thou shalt by all means free it (that is, the beast) with him, (aid him to set it free; on sense, compare Deuteronomy 22:4; DHM below II.עזב‎); וְעָזוּב עָצוּר‎ shut up and freed, proverb. phrase, = all classes of people 32:36; 1 Kings 14:10; 21:21; 2 Kings 9:8; 14:26 (exact meaning dubious; probably either = bond and free, or [see RS^{Sem i. 437, 2nd ed. 456}] under taboo and free from it); let go Job 20:13 (c, accusative of wickedness as morsel in mouth); let loose my complaint 10:1 (עָלַי‎ apud me, compare עַל‎

II 1 d); פָנַי אֶעֶזְבָה‎ Job 9:27 I will loosen, relax, my face, (compare Thes De Me Stu Di Buhl^Lex Bu; > abandon my [gloomy] countenance AV RV SS Bae^Kau Du).

Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נֶעֱזַב‎ Nehemiah 13:11; 3feminine singular נֶעֱזָבָ֫ה‎ Isaiah 62:12; Imperfect3feminine singular תֵּעָזֵב‎ 7:16; Leviticus 26:43, תֵּעָ֣זַב‎ Job 18:4; 3masculine plural יֵעָֽזְבוּ‎ Isaiah 18:6; Participle נֶעֱזָב‎ 27:10; Psalm 37:25; feminine plural נֶעֱזָבוֺת‎ Ezekiel 36:4; —

1 be left to (לְ‎), i.e. to the possession of, Isaiah 18:6.

2 be forsaken, of house of God Nehemiah 13:11, a city Ezekiel 36:4; Isaiah 27:10 ("" מְשֻׁלָּח‎), 62:12; the earth Job 18:4, land Isaiah 7:16; Leviticus 26:43 (+ מִן‎ of exiles); of man Psalm 37:25.

Pu`al (or

Qal passive, see Ges^{§ 52e}) be deserted, of city: Perfect3masculine singular עֻזָּב֫ עִיר הֲמוֺן‎ Isaiah 32:14 ("" נֻטָּ֔שׁ‎); 3 feminine singular עֻזְּבָה‎ Jeremiah 49:25.

II. [עָזַב‎] verb restore, repair (?) (compare perhaps Sabean עדֿב‎ restore, SabDenkm⁹⁰ DHM^{Öster. Monatsschr. f. d. Orient 1885, 226}; also Late Hebrew מַעֲזִיבָה‎ restoration, erection Levy^{NHWB iii. 186}, Arabic , building-stone Kremer^{Beitr. ii. 18}); —

Qal Imperfect3masculine plural וַיַּעַזְבוּ‎ Nehemiah 3:8 and they repaired (?) Jerusalem as far as the broad wall; > paved Gu^{ZPV viii (1885), 282 f.}, or from √ I.עזב‎ (see views in Be Ryle).

עֻזָּה עַזְגָּד, עַזְבּוּק,‎ see עזז‎.