H3651. ken

I. כֵּן‎ adjective right, veritable, honest (properly firm, upright; Syriac recte PS¹⁶⁶²) — absolute כֵּן‎ Exodus 10:29 + (on possibly construct see

2 near the end); plural כֵּנִים‎ Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34; —

1 right, usually indecl., often as substantive a right thing, especially with vbb. dicendi Exodus 10:29 (J) דִּבַּרְתָּ כֵּן‎, Numbers 27:7 דֹּבְרֹת כֵּן‎, 36:5 (both P); יַאֲרִיךְ כֵּן‎ Proverbs 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (see De Now VB); = adverb aright, of pronunciation Judges 12:6; also with verb agendi Ecclesiastes 8:10 (on Isaiah 33:23 see III. כֵּן‎ below כנן‎); right well Psalm 65:10; (Che; al. = so); with לֹא‎, as adjective, not right לֹאכֵֿן אֲשֶׁר דְּבָרִים‎ 2 Kings 17:9 things which were not right (verb agendi); of heart of a fool Proverbs 15:7; Jeremiah 23:10; as substantive = what is not right, upright 8:6; with verb agendi לֹאכֵֿן‎ 2 Kings 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Jeremiah 48:30 b.

2 veritable, true, כֵּןצְֿדָקָה‎ Proverbs 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Isaiah 16:6 = Jeremiah 48:30 a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie and others) the untruth of their boastings (לֹאכֵֿן‎ as compound construct); absolute, in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Joshua 2:4.

3 plural concrete honest (men) Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (all E). — II. כֵּן‎ thus, so, see below; III. כֵּן‎ place, base, see below כנן‎; IV. [כֵּן‎], כִּנָּם כִּנִּם,‎, see below כנן‎.

I. כֵּן‎ adverb so (PH. Late Hebrew ᵑ7‎ id.; Syriac is then, Arabic , , but: probably from the demonstrative √ ka, found in כִּי‎ etc., Kö^{ii. 1, 254}); (הִיא‎) כֶּןהֿוּא‎ Genesis 44:10 4t.: — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded, with reference to what has preceded), mostly of manner, but sometimes also of quantity, quality, or degree:

1. a. Judges 5:31 יאבדו כן‎ so perish thy enemies, Job 5:27 הִיאכֶּןֿ‎, 8:13 אל שׁכחי כל ארחות כן‎, Proverbs 6:29; 8:13; 2 Samuel 16:23; Isaiah 36:6; 47:15 לך היו כן‎, Numbers 13:33 בעיניהם היינו וכן‎; 9:16 תמיד יהיה כָן‎ Exodus 10:14 (twice in verse) וג ארבה׳כמהו כן היה לא‎ (i. e. in such numbers), 1 Kings 10:12 בא לא אלמגים עצי כן‎, 10:20; 2 Chronicles 1:12 (twice in verse), Judges 21:14 מצאו כןולא להם‎ and they did not suffice for them so (namely in such numbers of them as there were); 1 Kings 6:26 השׁני הכרוב וכן‎, Ezekiel 41:7; ל ׳וכן‎ Exodus 27:11; 1 Kings 10:29; Ezekiel 40:16; 2 Chronicles 35:12, compare 1 Chronicles 23:30; ל ׳כן‎ Exodus 25:33 (compare 26:24), Joshua 21:40.

b. the force of כֵּן‎ has sometimes to be elicited from the context : 1 Kings 2:7 אלי קרבו כן כי‎ (that is, with kindness such as that enjoined in v^a), 20:40 משׁפטך כן‎, Jeremiah 14:10 אהבו לנועכן‎ (i.e. not less than ׳י‎ has withdrawn from them 14:9, Gf Ke; Gie proposes אָכֵן‎), Psalm 61:9 אֲזַמְּרָה שִׁמְךָכֵּן‎ (Hi כְּצִדְקְךָ‎, implied in 14:6-8), Psalm 63:3 בַּקֹּדֶשׁ חֲזִיתִךָכֵּן‎ (that is, with the longings of 63:2), 63:5 בְחַיָּיכֵּן אֲבָרֶכְךָ‎ (that is חַסְדְּךָ כְּרֹב‎ 63:4), 65:10 תְּכִינֶהָ כֵן כִּי‎ (i.e. so Generously, 65:10), 90:12 הוֺדַע כֵּן יָמֵינוּ לִמְנוֺת‎ (Hi י ׳כְּיִרְאַת‎ 90:11), 127:2 שֵׁנָא לִידִידוֺ יִתֵּן כֵּן‎ (that is, as abundantly; but Che אָכֵן‎), Proverbs 24:14 (see 24:13), Isaiah 52:14 מַרְאֵהוּ מֵאִישׁ מִשְׁחַת כֵּן‎ (sufficiently to justify רבים עליך שׁממו‎).

c. כן‎ occurs frequently in particular phrases, as (a) with הָיָה‎, especially כן ויהי‎ and it was so Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 +, 2 Kings 2:10 if thou seest me taken from thee כן יהילֿך‎ let it be to thee so (that is, as thou desirest), 7:20, with עשׂה‎ (especially וַיַּעֲשׂוּ וַיַּעַשׂ,‎) Genesis 29:28; 42:20; 45:21 + often, Judges 7:16 תִּרְאוּ תַּעֲשׂוּמִמֶּנִּי וְכֵן‎, + ׳ל‎ Genesis 42:25 כן להם ויעשׂ‎, Exodus 22:29; 23:11 ל תעשׂה ׳כן‎, Deuteronomy 22:3; 2 Samuel 12:31; 1 Kings 11:8 (compare 6:33; 7:18); Genesis 29:26 במקומנו כן יֵעָשֶׂה לא‎, 34:7; 2 Samuel 13:12; rarer usages, כֵּן דִּבֶּר‎ Exodus 6:9, כן אמר‎ 1 Kings 22:8, אמרתם כֵּן‎ Ezekiel 11:5; 33:10, י יאֹמַר כֵּן ׳אָמֵן‎ 1 Kings 1:36 (compare Jeremiah 28:6), כֵּן יֹדֵעַ אבי שׁאול וגם‎ 1 Samuel 23:17; כֵּן אָהֵב‎ (idiomatic) to love (it) so, Jeremiah 5:31; Amos 4:5; (b) Genesis 50:3 כן כי החנֻטים ימי ימלאו‎ (compare Judges 14:10; 2 Samuel 13:18; Esther 2:12); (c) alone, כֵּן אִם‎ if it be so Genesis 25:22; 43:11; כִּיכֵֿןוַיִּרְאוּ‎ 1 Samuel 5:7, כִּיכֵֿן יָדַעְתִּי‎ Job 9:2; (d) כן לא‎ not so (namely as has been described or implied), with a substantive Numbers 12:7 משׁה עבדי כן לא‎, 2 Samuel 20:21; 23:5; Psalm 1:4; Job 9:35b עמדי אנכי כילֿאכֿן‎ not so am I with myself (i.e. I am not conscious of being one who would fear him, v^a), with a verb Deuteronomy 18:14 י לך נתן כן ׳לא ואתה‎ (not so, — namely as implied in v^a), 2 Samuel 18:14; Isaiah 10:7 יחשׁב כן לא יְדַמֶּה, כן לא‎, absolute Genesis 48:18 אבי כן לא‎, Exodus 10:11.

2 Often, to emphasize the agreement, in answer to כְּ‎, and כַּאֲשֶׁר‎: namely

a. כֵּן ֗֗֗ כְּ‎, (a) Genesis 44:10 = Joshua 2:21 כֶּןהֿוּא כדבריכם‎ according to your words, so be it, 1 Samuel 25:25 כֶּןהֿוּא כשׁמו כי‎, Psalm 48:11; Proverbs 23:7 כֶּןהֿוּא‎ (after conjunction כְּמוֺ‎), Ezekiel 42:11 רָחְבָּן כֵּן כְּאָרְכָּן‎; (b) Leviticus 27:12 יִהְיֶה כֵּן כְּעֶרְכְּךָ‎, 2 Samuel 13:35; Numbers 8:4; 9:14; 15:20; Deuteronomy 8:20; Judges 11:10, so after כְּפִי‎ Numbers 6:21; (c) ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗ כְּכֹל‎ 1 Samuel 8:8; 2 Samuel 7:17; Jeremiah 42:5; (d) in similes, (a) 2 Samuel 14:17 הא המלךכמלאך ׳אדני כן‎, Jeremiah 18:6; Psalm 123:2; 127:4; Proverbs 10:26; 26:8, 19; 27:8, 19; Song of Solomon 2:2-3, (β) Joel 2:4 יְרוּצוּן כֵּן כְּפָרָשִׁים‎, Isaiah 31:5; 38:14; Psalm 103:15; Proverbs 26:1-2, (γ) Psalm 42:2 וג כן׳נפשׁי ֗֗֗ תערג כאיל‎ like the hind which etc., 83:16; Isaiah 61:11; 63:14; Job 7:3, so after כמו‎ Isaiah 26:17; (δ) Jeremiah 2:26 הוֺבִישׁוּכְּבשֶׁת כֵּן ֗֗֗ גַּנָּב‎, 6:7; 34:5 (read כְּמשׂרפות‎), Ezekiel 22:22 (compare 22:20), 23:44; 34:12; compare (of degree) 35:15 (omitted by ᵐ5‎ Co), Hosea 4:7 לִי חָָֽטְאוּ כֵּן כְּרֻבָּם‎. Of time (un-common) 1 Samuel 9:13 אֹתוֺ תִּמְצְאוּן כֵּן הָעִיר כְּבֹאֲכֶם‎.

b. Ezra 10:12 לעשׂות עלינו כדבריך כן‎.

c. כַּאֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗‎, (a) Exodus 7:6 י צוה ׳כאשׁר עשׂו כן‎, 12:28, 50; 39:43 (compare 27:8), Numbers 8:22 (compare 5:4), Numbers 17:26; 36:10; Joshua 14:5 (all P); Genesis 41:13 היה כן פתר כאשׁר‎, Joshua 10:1, 39; 11:15; Judges 1:7; 15:11b Psalm 48:9; (b) (frequently) Numbers 2:17 יַחֲנוּ יִסָּ֑עוּכאשׁר כֵּן‎, Exodus 1:12 (of degree = the more . . . the more) יִפְרֹץ וְכֵן יִרְבֶּה כֵּן אֹתוֺ יְעַנּוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר‎; (c) Genesis 6:22 עשׂהככל כן אלהים אתו צוה אשׁר‎, Exodus 39:32, 42; 40:16; Numbers 1:54; 2:34; 8:20; 9:5 (all P), compare Exodus 25:9 (וְכֵן‎), simil. 2 Samuel 9:11; 2 Kings 16:11, compare Joshua 1:17; Jeremiah 42:20; (d) Exodus 27:8 יעשׂוכאשׁר כן אתך הֶרְאָה‎, 2 Samuel 16:19; 1 Kings 2:38; Isaiah 20:4; 52:14f.; with the same verb repeated Leviticus 24:19-20, Deuteronomy 28:63 ישׂישׂ כן ֗֗֗ שׂשׂ כאשׁר‎, Joshua 23:15; 1 Samuel 15:33; 26:24; 1 Kings 1:37; Isaiah 10:11; Jeremiah 5:19; 31:28; 32:42; 42:18; Ezekiel 12:11; 20:36; Zechariah 7:13; Proverbs 24:29; Numbers 14:28 כן דברתם כאשׁר לא אעשׂהאם‎, Isaiah 14:24, so after הלא‎ 10:11, after asseverative כי‎ 2 Samuel 3:9; 1 Kings 1:30; so שֶׁ ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּת כֵּן ֗֗֗‎ Ecclesiastes 5:15; (e) Judges 7:17b תעשׂון כן אעשׂה כאשׁר‎, Leviticus 27:14; Numbers 15:14, compare Jeremiah 39:12; (f) in similes, Deuteronomy 12:22; 22:26; Amos 3:12; Isaiah 65:8; Jeremiah 13:11.

d. ֗֗֗ כאשׁר כן‎, (a) Exodus 7:10 י צוה כאשׁר כן ׳ויעשׂו‎, 7:20; Joshua 4:8; 2 Samuel 5:25; Ezekiel 12:7, compare Genesis 50:12; Numbers 8:3; iron. Amos 5:14 י כן יהי ׳אמרתם כאשׁר אתּכם‎, Exodus 10:10; (b) Genesis 18:5 דברת כאשׁר תעשׂה כן‎, Nehemiah 5:12. — Occasionally in poetry כאשׁר‎ is not expressed : Isaiah 54:9 (De), 55:9; Jeremiah 3:20; Job 7:9; Hosea 11:2 מפניהם הלכו כן להם קראו‎ (of degree: so = in the same proportion), Psalm 48:6 תמהו כן ראו המה‎ (i.e. in the same measure that they saw); Jeremiah 33:22 (according to many, but dubious; read probably כאשׁר‎ Gie) it is represented by אשׁר‎ (so Isaiah 54:9 Hi Ew Di): Judges 5:15 כ‎ is not expressed. — Nahum 1:12 is probably corrupt; Zechariah 11:11 for עניי כן‎ read כְּנַעֲנֵי‎. — כָּזֹאת כָּכָה, כֹּה,‎ are synonyms, but differ considerably in usage.

3 With prepositions: —

a. מֵאַחֲרֵיכֵֿן אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן, אַחַרכֵּֿן,‎, literally after so, i.e. afterwards: see אַחַר‎.

b. בְּכֵן‎ (late), literally in such circumstances, i.e. thereupon, then, Ecclesiastes 8:10; Esther 4:16 (בְּכֵין ᵑ7‎ often for אָז‎; e.g. Exodus 15:1; Syr^Jerusalem = τότε).

c. כֵּןכְּמוֺֿ‎ Isaiah 51:6, according to some, like so, i.e. (Vrss Rabb) in like manner, or (De) like this (accompanied by a contemptuous gesture) = like a mere nothing: but see IV. כֵּן‎.

d. לָכֵן‎₂₀₀ according to such conditions, that being so, therefore Numbers 16:11; 1 Samuel 27:6; Psalm 16:9; 73:6; 73:10; especially in prophets, where it often introduces, after statement of the grounds, a divine declaration or command: Judges 10:13; 2 Kings 1:6; Amos 4:12; Isaiah 5:13-14, 24; 7:14; 10:16; 16:7; 27:9; Jeremiah 6:15; 8:10 etc.; י אמר כה ׳לכן‎ 2 Kings 21:12; Isaiah 10:24; 28:16; 29:22; 30:12; 37:33; Jeremiah 5:14; 6:21 + often; followed by האדון נאם‎ Isaiah 1:24; י ׳נאם‎ 1 Samuel 2:30; Jeremiah 2:9; י נאם באים ימים הנה ׳לכן‎ 7:32; 16:14; 19:6 +; י נאם אני חי ׳לכן‎ Ezekiel 5:11; 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9; לכן ֗֗֗ הנני‎ 1 Kings 14:10; Hosea 2:8; 2:16; Isaiah 29:14; Jeremiah 16:21; Ezekiel 16:37; 22:19; b 25:4, 7, 9 +; אֱמֹר לכן‎ Exodus 6:6; Numbers 25:12 (both P), Ezekiel 11:16-17, 14:6; 20:30; 33:25; 36:22; דַּבֵּר לָכֵן‎ 14:4; 20:27; הִנָּכֵא לָכֵן‎ 11:4; 36:3, 6; 37:12; 38:14; . . . . שִׁמְעוּ לָכֵן‎ Isaiah 28:14; 51:21; Jeremiah 6:18; 44:26 +. In answer to יען‎, Numbers 20:12 (P), 1 Kings 14:10; 2 Kings 1:16; 21:12; 22:20; Isaiah 29:14; 30:13; Jeremiah 19:6 +, Ezekiel 5:8; 13:23 +; so, once, וְלָכֵן‎ Isaiah 8:7; to כי‎ 28:16; Jeremiah 35:17; על‎ 9:14; אם‎ 23:38; 42:15. Special usages: — (a) idiomatic, in conversation, in reply to an objection, to state the ground upon which the answer is made; Genesis 4:15 therefore — this being so — whoso killeth Cain, etc., 30:15; Judges 8:7; 11:8; 1 Samuel 28:2; 1 Kings 22:19; Job 20:2 (ᵐ5‎ in Genesis Kings Job, not perceiving the idiom, renders οὐχοὕτως (as though לאכֿן‎): so also strangely, elsewhere, as 1 Samuel 3:14; 2 Kings 1:4, 6; 21:12). (b) inferring the cause from the effect, or developing what is logically involved in a statement, Isaiah 26:14b (compare De) therefore thou hast visited and destroyed them (not a consequence of v^{a 'the dead rise not,'} but the development of what is implicit in it), 61:7; Jeremiah 2:33; 5:2 (because namely אמונה אין‎ 5:1), Job 34:25; 42:3. — Zechariah 11:7 read הַצּאֹן לִכְנַעֲנֵי‎.

e. עַדכֵּֿן‎ hitherto (of time), as yet Nehemiah 2:16.

f. עַלכֵּֿן‎₁₄₅ upon ground of such conditions, therefore (introducing, more Generally than לָכֵן‎, the statement of a fact, rather than a declaration: never used in the phrases noted under לָכֵן‎), Genesis 20:6; 42:21; Exodus 5:8, 17; 16:29; 20:11; 1 Samuel 20:29; 28:18; 2 Samuel 7:22, 27; 1 Kings 20:23; Isaiah 5:25; 9:16; 13:7, 13; 15:4, 7; 16:9, 11; 17:10; 21:3; Jeremiah 5:6, 27; 10:21; 12:8; 20:11; 31:3, 20; Ezekiel 7:20; 22:4; 31:5 etc., Psalm 1:5; 42:7; 45:3 c (the poet's inference from v^{a. b}), Psalm 1:8; 110:7; Job 6:3; 9:22; 17:4; 20:21 etc., Song of Solomon 1:3; and regularly where the origin of a name, or custom, or proverb is assigned, Genesis 2:24 וג אישׁ יעזב ׳עלכֿן‎, 10:9 יֵאָמַ֔רעלכֿן‎, 11:9 בבל שׁמה קרא עלכֿן‎, 16:14; 19:22; 21:31; 25:30; 26:33; 29:34; 29:35; 30:6; Genesis 32:33; 47:22; Exodus 13:15; 15:23; Numbers 18:24; 21:14, 27; Deuteronomy 10:9 (compare 15:11, 15; 19:7; 24:18, 22), Joshua 7:26; 14:14; Judges 15:19; 18:12; 1 Samuel 5:5; 10:12; 23:28 (? read so 27:6) 2 Samuel 5:8, 20 etc.; הַעַלכֵּֿן‎ Habakkuk 1:17. — Esther 9:26 the 2nd כן על‎ (unless dittograph) points unusually onwards to דברי כל האגרתעל‎ on this account, on account, namely, etc.

II. כֵּן‎ see כון‎; III. כֵּן‎ see I. כנן‎; IV. כֵּן‎ see II. כנן‎. p. 467, below

adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן‎; כֵּן ᵑ7‎, Syriac ); — usually with אֲמַר‎ (אָמַ‎, etc.; compare Egyptian Aramaic CIS^{ii. 149 A 1, B-C 3} RÉS^{492B 5}), Daniel 2:24 אֲמַרלֵֿהּ וְכֵן‎, 2:25; 4:11; 6:7; 7:5, 23; Ezra 5:3; 6:2 בְּגַוַּהּ תִיב וְכֵןכְּֿ‎.